MANDIBULAR FRACTURE (CONDYLAR FRACTURE)

INTRODUCTION

·        It is known as a fracture of the mandible

·        Break occurs in two places in 60% of the cases

·        It is the most common fracture in the face

COMMONLY OCCURRING MANDIBULAR FRACTURES

·        Condylar fracture – 30%

·        Body of the mandible fracture – 25%

·        Angle of the mandible fracture – 25%

·        Symphysis / parasymphysis fracture – 15%

·        Ramus fracture – 3%

·         Coronoid fracture – 2%

CONDYLAR  FRACTURE

·        It is a common type of fracture involving one or both sides of the condylar

·        It causes restricted and painful jaw movement

·        Bilateral condylar fracture combined with symphyseal fracture is called a Guard’s man fracture

CLASSIFICATION   Lindahl classification

·        ACC TO FRACTURE LEVEL

1.      Condylar heat

2.      Condylar neck

3.      Sub condylar

·        ACC TO POSITION

1.      No displacement

2.      Slight displacement

3.      Moderate displacement

4.      Dislocation

ETIOLOGY

·        It commonly occurs due to trauma

·        It can also be caused due to falling on the chin or from the side

·        It also occurs due to osteonecrosis or tumor in the bone

CLINICAL FEATURES

·        Pain and soft tissue injury

·        Swelling over the TMJ region and bleeding from the ear

·        It causes shortening of the height of the ramus results in gagging of teeth

·        Deviation of the mandible is common in unilateral fracture

·        Malocclusion and occlusal rearrangement is common in all types of fracture

LAB INVESTIGATIONS

·         Conventional radiographs

1.      P.A View

2.      Lateral view

3.      Panoramic view

4.      Reverse tome’s view

·        Computerized tomography

·        MRI

TREATMENT

MANAGEMENT

·        Airway

·        Breathing

·        Circulation

REDUCTION

·        Open method

·        Closed method

IMMOBILIZATION

·        Rigid

·        Non-rigid

FIXATION

·        Mini plates

·        Lag screws

·        Inter osseous wiring

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