TONGUE

Introduction

• It is a muscular organ
• Situated on the floor of the mouth.

Function

• Taste
• speech
• mastication
• deglutition

External features

*Root

• Attached with mandible- soft palate above and hyoid bone below
• These attachments prevent the swallowing of the tongue.
• In between 2 bones, it is related to the geniohyoid and mylohyoid muscles

*Tip

• It lies behind the upper incisor teeth.

*Body

• A curved upper surface or dorsum.
• An inferior or ventral surface.

Dorsum

• Convex in all directions
• Divided into

1. Oral part(anterior 2/3rd)
2. Pharyngeal(Post 1/3rd)
3. Posterior most part of the tongue
4. Sulcus Terminalis
5. Foramen Caecum.

Inferior or ventral surface

• A median fold called FRENULUM LINGUAE
• Prominence produced by deep lingual veins.
• Lateral fold called Plica fimbriata.

Muscles of the tongue

Intrinsic muscles	Extrinsic muscles
Superior longitudinal	Genioglossus
Inferior longitudinal	Hyoglossus
Transverse	Styloglossus
Vertical	Palatoglossus

Arterial supply

• Lingual artery
• External carotid artery
• Ascending Pharyngeal artery

Venous Drainage

• Deep lingual vein
• Facial vein
• Internal Jugular vein

Lymphatic Drainage

• Submental nodes
• Submandibular nodes
• Jugulo-omohyoid nodes

Nerve supply

• Lingual nerve- Anterior 2/3rd
• Glossopharyngeal- Posterior 1/3rd
• Posterior most part- Internal laryngeal branch of the vagus

Histology

• Lined by stratified squamous epithelium.
• Oral part- papillae
• Pharyngeal part- lymphoid follicles
• Inferior surface- Both mucous and serous

Papillae of tongue

• Folliate papillae
• Vallate papillae/Circumvallate papillae
• Fungiform papillae
• Filliform papillae

Development of tongue

• Anterior2/3rd- from 2 lingual swellings and tuberculum impar(1st branchial arch)
• Posterior 1/3rd- 3rd arch
• Posterior most  part- 4th arch

Muscles

         They develop from the occipital myotomes, supplied by the hypoglossal nerve.

Connective tissue

         They develop from the local mesenchyme.

Diagrams

Thank you for reading

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