CANDIDIASIS

INTRODUCTION

·       Candidiasis, also called monilliasis.

·       The most frequent between human pathogen candida species

·       Is a very common fungal infection.oral candidiasis is often observed as a local opportunistic infection

TYPES

·      Acute candidiasis

·      Chronic candidiasis

·      Hyperplastic candidiasis

·      Mucus skin chronic candidiasis

 

1.  Acute Candidiasis

 

·      Rapid onset

·      Symptoms are not always present

·      Superficial invasion of mucous and palate

·      Therapy include topical medication

 

2.   Chronic candidiasis

 

·      Caused by C. Albicans

·      Slow onset

·      Symptoms are not always present

·      Superficial invasion

·      Local causes

·      Therapy include topical medication

 

 

 

3.   Hyperplastic candidiasis

 

·      Slow onset

·      Symptoms are not always present

·      Deep invasion

·      It represents a precancerous condition

·      therapy includes topical medications

·      Surical excision

 

4.   Mucus skin chronic candidiasis

 

·      Very rare

·      Autoimmune disorders

·      Usually they represent a primary immunodeficiency

·      Deep, recurrent and recalcitrant invasions

·      Dystrophy and nail fragility

·      Partial alopecia

 

SYMPTOMS

·      Creamy, white lesions on your tongue, inner cheeks and sometimes on the roof of your mouth, gums and tonsils

·      Lesions with a cottage cheese-like appearance

·      Pain

·      Slight bleeding if the lesions are rubbed or scraped

·      Cracking at the corners of your mouth

·      A cottony feeling in your mouth

·      Loss of taste

 

 

     CAUSES

•       Immune system is functionally efficient

•       Intestinal and oral  ph are optimal

•       There is a stable populatin of bacterial flora in colon

 

    HISTOLOGY

•       Histologically, an increase thickness of the parakeratin layer with elongated rete ridges are seen.

•       The candidal hyphae infiltrate the parakeratin layer and rarely penetrate into the cell layers of infected epithelium.

 

  LAB DIAGNOSIS

•       Specimen – It is according to the site of the lesion

•       Microscopic examination-

                              1.Stained smear- with gram stain ,yeast cells are seen as gram positive ,oval budding yeast cells attached to pseudohyphae

                              2.40%kOH: budding yeast ,pseudohyphae

 

MANAGEMENT

•       In patients with light oral candidiasis not associated to state of immunodeficiency, is sufficient a treatment with local antif

•       Polyene antifungal

•       These drugs include amphotericin b and nystatin, first choise. in oral, orofaringeal infections are used like topic applications.

•       Amphotercin b is an active drug against yeasts and fungi. when given parenterally is toxic and causes many collateral effects.

•       Amfotericina B

•       Imidazole antifungal

•       Imidazolo antifungals include local treatments like clotrimazole, econazole, ketoconazole, sulconazole, tioconazole.
miconazole can be used topically in the oral infections. it can be absorbed and this can cause negative effects.

•       Triazole antifungals

•       Fluconazole is well absorbed when given orally. 

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